IO多路复用

1.select

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(fd == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in seraddr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
    seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    seraddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

    // 连接服务器
    int ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

    if(ret == -1){
        perror("connect");
        return -1;
    }

    int num = 0;
    while(1) {
        char sendBuf[1024] = {0};
        sprintf(sendBuf, "send data %d", num++);
        write(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1);

        // 接收
        int len = read(fd, sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf));
        if(len == -1) {
            perror("read");
            return -1;
        }else if(len > 0) {
            printf("read buf = %s\n", sendBuf);
        } else {
            printf("服务器已经断开连接...\n");
            break;
        }
        // sleep(1);
        usleep(1000);
    }

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/select.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int lfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in saddr;
    saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    // 绑定
    bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

    // 监听
    listen(lfd, 8);

    // 创建一个fd_set的集合，存放的是需要检测的文件描述符
    fd_set rdset, tmp;
    FD_ZERO(&rdset);
    FD_SET(lfd, &rdset);
    int maxfd = lfd;

    while(1) {

        tmp = rdset;

        // 调用select系统函数，让内核帮检测哪些文件描述符有数据
        int ret = select(maxfd + 1, &tmp, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if(ret == -1) {
            perror("select");
            exit(-1);
        } else if(ret == 0) {
            continue;
        } else if(ret > 0) {
            // 说明检测到了有文件描述符的对应的缓冲区的数据发生了改变
            if(FD_ISSET(lfd, &tmp)) {
                // 表示有新的客户端连接进来了
                struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
                int len = sizeof(cliaddr);
                int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);

                // 将新的文件描述符加入到集合中
                FD_SET(cfd, &rdset);

                // 更新最大的文件描述符
                maxfd = maxfd > cfd ? maxfd : cfd;
            }

            for(int i = lfd + 1; i <= maxfd; i++) {
                if(FD_ISSET(i, &tmp)) {
                    // 说明这个文件描述符对应的客户端发来了数据
                    char buf[1024] = {0};
                    int len = read(i, buf, sizeof(buf));
                    if(len == -1) {
                        perror("read");
                        exit(-1);
                    } else if(len == 0) {
                        printf("client closed...\n");
                        close(i);
                        FD_CLR(i, &rdset);
                    } else if(len > 0) {
                        printf("read buf = %s\n", buf);
                        write(i, buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
                    }
                }
            }

        }

    }
    close(lfd);
    return 0;
}

2.poll

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(fd == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in seraddr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
    seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    seraddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

    // 连接服务器
    int ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

    if(ret == -1){
        perror("connect");
        return -1;
    }

    int num = 0;
    while(1) {
        char sendBuf[1024] = {0};
        sprintf(sendBuf, "send data %d", num++);
        write(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1);

        // 接收
        int len = read(fd, sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf));
        if(len == -1) {
            perror("read");
            return -1;
        }else if(len > 0) {
            printf("read buf = %s\n", sendBuf);
        } else {
            printf("服务器已经断开连接...\n");
            break;
        }
        // sleep(1);
        usleep(1000);
    }

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>


int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int lfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in saddr;
    saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    // 绑定
    bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

    // 监听
    listen(lfd, 8);

    // 初始化检测的文件描述符数组
    struct pollfd fds[1024];
    for(int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
        fds[i].fd = -1;
        fds[i].events = POLLIN;
    }
    fds[0].fd = lfd;
    int nfds = 0;

    while(1) {

        // 调用poll系统函数，让内核帮检测哪些文件描述符有数据
        int ret = poll(fds, nfds + 1, -1);
        if(ret == -1) {
            perror("poll");
            exit(-1);
        } else if(ret == 0) {
            continue;
        } else if(ret > 0) {
            // 说明检测到了有文件描述符的对应的缓冲区的数据发生了改变
            if(fds[0].revents & POLLIN) {
                // 表示有新的客户端连接进来了
                struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
                int len = sizeof(cliaddr);
                int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);

                // 将新的文件描述符加入到集合中
                for(int i = 1; i < 1024; i++) {
                    if(fds[i].fd == -1) {
                        fds[i].fd = cfd;
                        fds[i].events = POLLIN;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // 更新最大的文件描述符的索引
                nfds = nfds > cfd ? nfds : cfd;
            }

            for(int i = 1; i <= nfds; i++) {
                if(fds[i].revents & POLLIN) {
                    // 说明这个文件描述符对应的客户端发来了数据
                    char buf[1024] = {0};
                    int len = read(fds[i].fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
                    if(len == -1) {
                        perror("read");
                        exit(-1);
                    } else if(len == 0) {
                        printf("client closed...\n");
                        close(fds[i].fd);
                        fds[i].fd = -1;
                    } else if(len > 0) {
                        printf("read buf = %s\n", buf);
                        write(fds[i].fd, buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
                    }
                }
            }

        }

    }
    close(lfd);
    return 0;
}

3.epoll

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(fd == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in seraddr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
    seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    seraddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

    // 连接服务器
    int ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

    if(ret == -1){
        perror("connect");
        return -1;
    }

    int num = 0;
    while(1) {
        char sendBuf[1024] = {0};
        sprintf(sendBuf, "send data %d", num++);
        write(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1);

        // 接收
        int len = read(fd, sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf));
        if(len == -1) {
            perror("read");
            return -1;
        }else if(len > 0) {
            printf("read buf = %s\n", sendBuf);
        } else {
            printf("服务器已经断开连接...\n");
            break;
        }
        // sleep(1);
        usleep(1000);
    }

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int lfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in saddr;
    saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    // 绑定
    bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

    // 监听
    listen(lfd, 8);

    // 调用epoll_create()创建一个epoll实例
    int epfd = epoll_create(100);

    // 将监听的文件描述符相关的检测信息添加到epoll实例中
    struct epoll_event epev;
    epev.events = EPOLLIN;
    epev.data.fd = lfd;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, lfd, &epev);

    struct epoll_event epevs[1024];

    while(1) {

        int ret = epoll_wait(epfd, epevs, 1024, -1);
        if(ret == -1) {
            perror("epoll_wait");
            exit(-1);
        }

        printf("ret = %d\n", ret);

        for(int i = 0; i < ret; i++) {

            int curfd = epevs[i].data.fd;

            if(curfd == lfd) {
                // 监听的文件描述符有数据达到，有客户端连接
                struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
                int len = sizeof(cliaddr);
                int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);

                epev.events = EPOLLIN;
                epev.data.fd = cfd;
                epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cfd, &epev);
            } else {
                if(epevs[i].events & EPOLLOUT) {
                    continue;
                }   
                // 有数据到达，需要通信
                char buf[1024] = {0};
                int len = read(curfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
                if(len == -1) {
                    perror("read");
                    exit(-1);
                } else if(len == 0) {
                    printf("client closed...\n");
                    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, curfd, NULL);
                    close(curfd);
                } else if(len > 0) {
                    printf("read buf = %s\n", buf);
                    write(curfd, buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
                }

            }

        }
    }

    close(lfd);
    close(epfd);
    return 0;
}

4.边沿触发和水平触发

边沿触发

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int lfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in saddr;
    saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    // 绑定
    bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

    // 监听
    listen(lfd, 8);

    // 调用epoll_create()创建一个epoll实例
    int epfd = epoll_create(100);

    // 将监听的文件描述符相关的检测信息添加到epoll实例中
    struct epoll_event epev;
    epev.events = EPOLLIN;
    epev.data.fd = lfd;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, lfd, &epev);

    struct epoll_event epevs[1024];

    while(1) {

        int ret = epoll_wait(epfd, epevs, 1024, -1);
        if(ret == -1) {
            perror("epoll_wait");
            exit(-1);
        }

        printf("ret = %d\n", ret);

        for(int i = 0; i < ret; i++) {

            int curfd = epevs[i].data.fd;

            if(curfd == lfd) {
                // 监听的文件描述符有数据达到，有客户端连接
                struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
                int len = sizeof(cliaddr);
                int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);

                // 设置cfd属性非阻塞
                int flag = fcntl(cfd, F_GETFL);
                flag | O_NONBLOCK;
                fcntl(cfd, F_SETFL, flag);

                epev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;    // 设置边沿触发
                epev.data.fd = cfd;
                epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cfd, &epev);
            } else {
                if(epevs[i].events & EPOLLOUT) {
                    continue;
                }  

                // 循环读取出所有数据
                char buf[5];
                int len = 0;
                while( (len = read(curfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
                    // 打印数据
                    // printf("recv data : %s\n", buf);
                    write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
                    write(curfd, buf, len);
                }
                if(len == 0) {
                    printf("client closed....");
                }else if(len == -1) {
                    if(errno == EAGAIN) {
                        printf("data over.....");
                    }else {
                        perror("read");
                        exit(-1);
                    }
                    
                }

            }

        }
    }

    close(lfd);
    close(epfd);
    return 0;
}

水平触发

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int lfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in saddr;
    saddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    // 绑定
    bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));

    // 监听
    listen(lfd, 8);

    // 调用epoll_create()创建一个epoll实例
    int epfd = epoll_create(100);

    // 将监听的文件描述符相关的检测信息添加到epoll实例中
    struct epoll_event epev;
    epev.events = EPOLLIN;
    epev.data.fd = lfd;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, lfd, &epev);

    struct epoll_event epevs[1024];

    while(1) {

        int ret = epoll_wait(epfd, epevs, 1024, -1);
        if(ret == -1) {
            perror("epoll_wait");
            exit(-1);
        }

        printf("ret = %d\n", ret);

        for(int i = 0; i < ret; i++) {

            int curfd = epevs[i].data.fd;

            if(curfd == lfd) {
                // 监听的文件描述符有数据达到，有客户端连接
                struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
                int len = sizeof(cliaddr);
                int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);

                epev.events = EPOLLIN;
                epev.data.fd = cfd;
                epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cfd, &epev);
            } else {
                if(epevs[i].events & EPOLLOUT) {
                    continue;
                }   
                // 有数据到达，需要通信
                char buf[5] = {0};
                int len = read(curfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
                if(len == -1) {
                    perror("read");
                    exit(-1);
                } else if(len == 0) {
                    printf("client closed...\n");
                    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, curfd, NULL);
                    close(curfd);
                } else if(len > 0) {
                    printf("read buf = %s\n", buf);
                    write(curfd, buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
                }

            }

        }
    }

    close(lfd);
    close(epfd);
    return 0;
}

客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {

    // 创建socket
    int fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(fd == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return -1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in seraddr;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
    seraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    seraddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

    // 连接服务器
    int ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));

    if(ret == -1){
        perror("connect");
        return -1;
    }

    int num = 0;
    while(1) {
        char sendBuf[1024] = {0};
        // sprintf(sendBuf, "send data %d", num++);
        fgets(sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf), stdin);

        write(fd, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf) + 1);

        // 接收
        int len = read(fd, sendBuf, sizeof(sendBuf));
        if(len == -1) {
            perror("read");
            return -1;
        }else if(len > 0) {
            printf("read buf = %s\n", sendBuf);
        } else {
            printf("服务器已经断开连接...\n");
            break;
        }
    }

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}